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After World War II, George Schaller was one of the first researchers to go into the field and study primates. In 1959, he conducted a systematic study of the mountain gorilla in the wild and published his work. Years later, at the behest of Louis Leakey and the National Geographic, Dian Fossey conducted a much longer and more comprehensive study of the mountain gorilla. When she published her work, many misconceptions and myths about gorillas were finally disproved, including the myth that gorillas are violent. Gorillas have a patchy distribution. The range of the two species is separated by the Congo River and its tributaries. The western gorilla lives in west central Africa, while the eastern gorilla lives in east central Africa. Between the species, and even within the species, gorillas live in a variety of habitats and elevations. Gorilla habitat ranges from montane forest to swampland. Eastern gorillas inhabit montane and submontane forests between 650 and 4,000m (2,130 and 13,120ft) above sea level. [38] Females mature at 10–12 years (earlier in captivity), and males at 11–13 years. A female's first ovulatory cycle occurs when she is six years of age, and is followed by a two-year period of adolescent infertility. [66] The estrous cycle lasts 30–33 days, with outward ovulation signs subtle compared to those of chimpanzees. The gestation period lasts 8.5 months. Female mountain gorillas first give birth at 10 years of age and have four-year interbirth intervals. [66] Males can be fertile before reaching adulthood. Gorillas mate year round. [67] Glazko, G. V.; Nei, Masatoshi (March 2003). "Estimation of divergence times for major lineages of primate species". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 20 (3): 424–434. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msg050. PMID 12644563.

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Sanz, C. M.; etal. (2022). "Interspecific interactions between sympatric apes". iScience. 25 (10): 105059. Bibcode: 2022iSci...25j5059S. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105059. PMC 9485909. PMID 36147956. The explorer Paul Du Chaillu was the first westerner to see a live gorilla during his travel through western equatorial Africa from 1856 to 1859. He brought dead specimens to the UK in 1861. [81] [82] [83] There are thought to be around 316,000 western gorillas in the wild, and 5,000 eastern gorillas. Both species are classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN; all subspecies are classified as Critically Endangered with the exception of the mountain gorilla, which is classified as Endangered. There are many threats to their survival, such as poaching, habitat destruction, and disease, which threaten the survival of the species. However, conservation efforts have been successful in some areas where they live.a b Watts, D. P. (1991). "Mountain gorilla reproduction and sexual behavior". American Journal of Primatology. 24 (3–4): 211–225. doi: 10.1002/ajp.1350240307. PMID 31952383. S2CID 85023681. Colo, the oldest gorilla in captivity, dies aged 60". BBC News. 18 January 2017 . Retrieved 18 January 2017.

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a b Tutin, C. G. (1996). "Ranging and social structure of lowland gorillas in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon". In McGrew, W. C.; Marchant, L. F.; Nishida, T. (eds.). Great Ape Societies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.58–70. Miller, Patricia (1997). Gorillas. Weigl Educational Publishers. p.64. ISBN 978-0919879898. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016.a b Yamagiwa, J.; Kahekwa, J.; Kanyunyi Basabose, A. (2003). "Intra-specific variation in social organization of gorillas: implications for their social evolution". Primates. 44 (4): 359–369. doi: 10.1007/s10329-003-0049-5. PMID 12942370. S2CID 21216499. a b Sarmiento, E. E. (2003). "Distribution, taxonomy, genetics, ecology, and causal links of gorilla survival: the need to develop practical knowledge for gorilla conservation". In Taylor, A. B.; Goldsmith, M. L. (eds.). Gorilla biology: a multidisciplinary perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.432–471. a b c d e Prince-Hughes, D. (1987). Songs of the gorilla nation. Harmony. p. 66. ISBN 978-1400050581.

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Gorillas are herbivorous, predominantly ground-dwelling great apes that inhabit the tropical forests of equatorial Africa. The genus Gorilla is divided into two species: the eastern gorilla and the western gorilla, and either four or five subspecies. The DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of humans, from 95 to 99% depending on what is included, and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after chimpanzees and bonobos. Groves, C. P. (July 1970). "Population systematics of the gorilla". Journal of Zoology. 161 (3): 287–300. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1970.tb04514.x– via Onlinelibrary. Robbins, M. M. (2001). Variation in the social system of mountain gorillas: the male perspective. pp.29–58.a b c Stokes, E. J.; Parnell, R. J.; Olejniczak, C. (2003). "Female dispersal and reproductive success in wild western lowland gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla)". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 54 (4): 329–339. doi: 10.1007/s00265-003-0630-3. JSTOR 25063274. S2CID 21995743. Scally, A.; Dutheil, J. Y.; Hillier, L. W.; etal. (2012). "Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence". Nature. 483 (7388): 169–175. Bibcode: 2012Natur.483..169S. doi: 10.1038/nature10842. hdl: 10261/80788. PMC 3303130. PMID 22398555. Ebola 'kills over 5,000 gorillas' ". BBC. 8 December 2006. Archived from the original on 29 March 2009 . Retrieved 9 December 2006.

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Robbins, M. M.; Sicotte, P.; Stewart, K. J. (2001). Mountain gorillas: three decades of research at Karisoke. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521019869. Savage, T. S. (1847). Communication describing the external character and habits of a new species of Troglodytes (T. gorilla ). Boston Society of Natural History. pp.245–247. Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Lindsley, Tracy; Sorin, Anna Bess (2001). " Gorilla beringei". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023 . Retrieved 24 August 2023.

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Columbus Zoo announces the death of Colo, world's oldest zoo gorilla". Columbus Zoo. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021 . Retrieved 12 February 2018. Wells, D. L. (2005). "A note on the influence of visitors on the behaviour and welfare of zoo-housed gorillas". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 93 (1–2): 13–17. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2005.06.019.