The Football Encyclopedia

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Richard, Carew. "EBook of The Survey of Cornwall". Project Gutenberg. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007 . Retrieved 3 October 2007.

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Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle (London, England), Sunday, 13 January 1839. New Readerships Bennett, Tom (1976). The Pro Style: The Complete Guide to Understanding National Football League Strategy. Los Angeles: National Football League Properties, Inc., Creative Services Division. p.20. FIFA.com (8 March 2013). "A gripping Greek derby". Archived from the original on 1 July 2015 . Retrieved 1 November 2017. A daily recap of top performers, scores and statistical highlights, straight to your inbox! 2023 Advanced Stats Two teams usually have between 11 and 18 players; some variations that have fewer players (five or more per team) are also popular.IX. A player shall be entitled to run with the ball towards his adversaries' goal if he makes a fair catch, or catches the ball on the first bound; but in case of a fair catch, if he makes his mark he shall not run. Perkin, Harold (1989). "Teaching the nations how to play: sport and society in the British empire and commonwealth". The International Journal of the History of Sport. 6 (2): 145–155. doi: 10.1080/09523368908713685. Rutgers Through The Years. Rutgers University. Archived from the original on 20 January 2007 . Retrieved 16 May 2007.

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a b c d e f g h i j Football: The First Hundred Years. The Untold Story. Adrian Harvey. 2005. Routledge, London Francis Peabody Magoun. (1938) History of football from the beginnings to 1871. p.27. Retrieved 2010-02-09. One of the longest running football fixture is the Cordner-Eggleston Cup, contested between Melbourne Grammar School and Scotch College, Melbourne every year since 1858. It is believed by many to also be the first match of Australian rules football, although it was played under experimental rules in its first year. The first football trophy tournament was the Caledonian Challenge Cup, donated by the Royal Caledonian Society of Melbourne, played in 1861 under the Melbourne Rules. [80] The oldest football league is a rugby football competition, the United Hospitals Challenge Cup (1874), while the oldest rugby trophy is the Yorkshire Cup, contested since 1878. The South Australian Football Association (30 April 1877) is the oldest surviving Australian rules football competition. The oldest surviving soccer trophy is the Youdan Cup (1867) and the oldest national football competition is the English FA Cup (1871). The Football League (1888) is recognised as the longest running association football league. The first international football match took place between sides representing England and Scotland on 5 March 1870 at the Oval under the authority of the FA. The first rugby international took place in 1871.A more detailed description of football is given in Francis Willughby's Book of Games, written in about 1660. [55] Willughby, who had studied at Bishop Vesey's Grammar School, Sutton Coldfield, is the first to describe goals and a distinct playing field: "a close that has a gate at either end. The gates are called Goals." His book includes a diagram illustrating a football field. He also mentions tactics ("leaving some of their best players to guard the goal"); scoring ("they that can strike the ball through their opponents' goal first win") and the way teams were selected ("the players being equally divided according to their strength and nimbleness"). He is the first to describe a "law" of football: "they must not strike [an opponent's leg] higher than the ball". [56] [57] Rugby sevens (1883–), Rugby tens, Rugby X, Touch rugby, Tag rugby, American flag rugby, Mini rugby, Beach rugby, Snow rugby, Tambo rugby, Wheelchair rugby, Underwater rugby

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Some historians support the theory that the primary influence was rugby football and other games emanating from English public schools. On the other hand, there are also historians who support the theory that Australian rules football and Gaelic Football have some common origins. See Origins of Australian rules football. a b "Julian Carosi, 2006, "The History of Offside" " (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2015 . Retrieved 5 January 2015.In the mid-19th century, various traditional football games, referred to collectively as caid, remained popular in Ireland, especially in County Kerry. One observer, Father W. Ferris, described two main forms of caid during this period: the "field game" in which the object was to put the ball through arch-like goals, formed from the boughs of two trees; and the epic "cross-country game" which took up most of the daylight hours of a Sunday on which it was played, and was won by one team taking the ball across a parish boundary. "Wrestling", "holding" opposing players, and carrying the ball were all allowed. History of the Royal Caledonian Society of Melbourne". Electricscotland.com. Archived from the original on 22 September 2010 . Retrieved 19 June 2010. Association, The Football. "Law 1: The Field of Play – Football Rules & Governance | The FA". The Football Association. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015 . Retrieved 27 September 2015. The modern rules of many football codes were formulated during the mid- or late- 19th century. This also applies to other sports such as lawn bowls, lawn tennis, etc. The major impetus for this was the patenting of the world's first lawnmower in 1830. This allowed for the preparation of modern ovals, playing fields, pitches, grass courts, etc. [61] Harvey, Adrian (2005). Football, the First Hundred Years. Routledge. pp.273, ref 34–119. ISBN 978-0-415-35019-8. Archived from the original on 1 May 2017 . Retrieved 23 September 2016.